Note: Specimens for Urinalysis must be submitted in a yellow/red swirl-top preservative tube. This information is included as part of the specimen requirements for the individual tests in the General Test Listing section. For others, there are drug that must be avoided prior to obtaining the specimen. For some of these tests, there are dietary restrictions that must be observed. For urine chemistry tests, the 24-hour urine collection is the usual standard. Note the time of collection of the specimen on the test requisition and on the label of the container. Urine for pregnancy testing should be first morning void, or a random specimen with a specific gravity of at least 1.010. Submit a first morning voided specimen whenever possible. To reduce contamination, the specimen submitted for urinalysis should be a clean catch “mid-stream” sample. This specimen is preferred because it has a more uniform volume and concentration, and its lower pH helps preserve the formed elements. Most reference values are based on analysis of the first morning voided urine. The normal composition of urine varies considerably during a 24-hour period. Transfer the requested volume into the labeled urine transport vial. Measure and record this volume on the test request form and on the urine transport vial (see Pediatric Specimen Tubes below). Collect all urine for the next 24 hours so that the morning urine void on the second day is the final collection. On the day of the collection, discard the first morning urine void, and begin the collection after this void. The patient (or responsible individual) should be cautioned that the preservative may be toxic and caustic, and not to spill or discard the preservative. When the 24-hour urine output is less than 1 liter, 4 grams of boric acid can be used when boric acid is the specified preservative or 10 mL of 6N HCl can be used when HCl is specified. If a preservative is required, it is important that the designated preservative be in the urine collection container at the start of the collection. Record on the test request form any medications that the patient is receiving. Many urine chemistry tests require a 24-hour collection.
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